Summary: According to researchers, perception is cyclical. In a new study, researchers report that, much like visual perception, auditory perception and attention are rhythmic in nature.
Source: University of Sydney.
It’s not just our eyes that play tricks on us, but our ears. That’s the finding of a landmark Australian-led collaboration that provides new evidence that oscillations, or ‘strobes’, are a general feature of human perception
While our conscious experience appears to be continuous, the University of Sydney and Italian universities study suggests that perception and attention are intrinsically rhythmic in nature.
This has profound implications for our understanding of human behaviour, how we interact with environment and make decisions.
A paper published today in Current Biology provides the important new evidence for the cyclical nature of perception.
3 key findings:
- auditory perception oscillates over time and peak perception alternates between the ears – which is important for locating events in the environment;
- auditory decision-making also oscillates; and
- oscillations are a general feature of perception, not specific to vision.
The work is the result of an Italian-Australian collaboration, involving Professor David Alais, Johahn Leung and Tam Ho of the schools of Psychology and Medical Sciences, University of Sydney; Professor David Burr from the Department of Neuroscience, University of Florence; and Professor Maria Concetta Morrone of the Department of Translational Medicine, University of Pisa.
With a simple experiment, they showed that sensitivity for detecting weak sounds is not constant, but fluctuates rhythmically over time.
It has been known for some years that our sight perception is cyclical but this is the first time it has been demonstrated that hearing is as well.
“These findings that auditory perception also goes through peaks and troughs supports the theory that perception is not passive but in fact our understanding of the world goes through cycles,” said Professor Alais.
“We have suspected for some time that the senses are not constant but are processed via cyclical, or rhythmic functions; these findings lend new weight to that theory.”
These auditory cycles happen at the rate of about six per second. This may seem fast, but not in neuroscience, given that brain oscillations can occur at up to 100 times per second.
“These findings are important as humans make decisions at the rate of about one-sixth of a second, which is in line with these auditory oscillations,” said Professor Alais.
The study found a variation of oscillation between the two ears, first one ear is at peak sensitivity, then the other. The oscillation is so fast that we are normally unaware of it, but can be revealed in experiments using very fine-grained timing.
Why should the brain sample information in this cyclic fashion? Theories abound, but one popular idea – favoured by the authors of this study – is that it reflects the action of attention which appears to sample neural activity in rapid bursts.
The scientists are next focusing their attention on perceptions of touch and how this might make use of neural oscillations as part of a goal of characterising perception in general over all the senses.
“The brain is such a complex ‘machine’ one could say – it is a testament to science that we are starting to make sense of it – but a takeaway could be that there is so much we don’t know,” Professor Alais concludes.
“A decade ago, no one would have thought that perception is constantly strobing – flickering like an old silent movie.”
For the moment, this research shows one thing very clearly: our sensory perception of the world is fundamentally oscillatory, like a strobing light or a wave waxing and waning.
The strobing brain – how it works
When we peruse a scene, not all parts are equally important: some receive more attention than others and are prioritised in processing. This is an effective strategy, concentrating limited cognitive resources on specific items of interest, rather than diluting resources over the entire space.
Similarly, oscillating attention would produce an analogous result over time, with resources concentrated into small temporal epochs instead of being sustained in a uniform but thin allocation.
This strobing approach to attention would bind together relevant information at regular time points and allow new groupings of information to reassemble at other moments.
Source: Vivienne Reiner – University of Sydney
Publisher: Organized by NeuroscienceNews.com.
Image Source: NeuroscienceNews.com image is in the public domain.
Original Research: Abstract for “Auditory Sensitivity and Decision Criteria Oscillate at Different Frequencies Separately for the Two Ears” by Hao Tam Ho, Johahn Leung, David C. Burr, David Alais, and Maria Concetta Morrone in Current Biology. Published online November 16 2017 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.10.017
[cbtabs][cbtab title=”MLA”]University of Sydney “Researchers Discover the Brain is Strobing, Not Constant.” NeuroscienceNews. NeuroscienceNews, 17 November 2017.
<https://neurosciencenews.com/strobing-brain-7970/>.[/cbtab][cbtab title=”APA”]University of Sydney (2017, November 17). Researchers Discover the Brain is Strobing, Not Constant. NeuroscienceNews. Retrieved November 17, 2017 from https://neurosciencenews.com/strobing-brain-7970/[/cbtab][cbtab title=”Chicago”]University of Sydney “Researchers Discover the Brain is Strobing, Not Constant.” https://neurosciencenews.com/strobing-brain-7970/ (accessed November 17, 2017).[/cbtab][/cbtabs]
Abstract
Auditory Sensitivity and Decision Criteria Oscillate at Different Frequencies Separately for the Two Ears
Highlights
•We report for the first time oscillations in auditory perception
•Oscillations occurred in both sensitivity (∼6 Hz) and decision criterion (∼8 Hz)
•Sensitivity oscillated between the two ears in antiphase
•Rhythmic oscillations are a general phenomenon of many aspects of perception
Summary
Many behavioral measures of visual perception fluctuate continually in a rhythmic manner, reflecting the influence of endogenous brain oscillations, particularly theta (∼4–7 Hz) and alpha (∼8–12 Hz) rhythms. However, it is unclear whether these oscillations are unique to vision or whether auditory performance also oscillates. Several studies report no oscillatory modulation in audition, while those with positive findings suffer from confounds relating to neural entrainment. Here, we used a bilateral pitch-identification task to investigate rhythmic fluctuations in auditory performance separately for the two ears and applied signal detection theory (SDT) to test for oscillations of both sensitivity and criterion (changes in decision boundary). Using uncorrelated dichotic white noise to induce a phase reset of oscillations, we demonstrate that, as with vision, both auditory sensitivity and criterion showed strong oscillations over time, at different frequencies: ∼6 Hz (theta range) for sensitivity and ∼8 Hz (low alpha range) for criterion, implying distinct underlying sampling mechanisms. The modulation in sensitivity in left and right ears was in antiphase, suggestive of attention-like mechanisms sampling alternatively from the two ears.
“Auditory Sensitivity and Decision Criteria Oscillate at Different Frequencies Separately for the Two Ears” by Hao Tam Ho, Johahn Leung, David C. Burr, David Alais, and Maria Concetta Morrone in Current Biology. Published online November 16 2017 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.10.017
